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Education in Sudan
Education in Sudan is free and compulsory for children aged 6 to 13 years. Primary education consists of eight years, followed by three years of secondary education. The former educational ladder 6 + 3 + 3 was changed in 1990. The primary language at all levels is Arabic. Schools are concentrated in urban areas; many in the South and West have been damaged or destroyed by years of civil war. In 2001 the World Bank estimated that primary enrollment was 46 percent of eligible pupils and 21 percent of secondary students. Enrollment varies widely, falling below 20 percent in some provinces. Sudan has 19 universities; instruction is primarily in Arabic. Education at the secondary and university levels has been seriously hampered by the requirement that most males perform military service before completing their education.〔(Sudan country profile ). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (December 2004). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''〕
The literacy rate is 70.2% of total population, male: 79.6%, female: 60.8%.〔https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html〕
== History of education in Sudan ==
=== Egyptian rule and the Mahdist period ===
In the 1850s the Turks, who were ruling Sudan through the Khedive of Egypt, decided to open five schools in different towns in northern Sudan. These taught Islamic studies, arithmetic, and the Arabic and Turkish languages. The teachers in the schools were Egyptians. The schools were all destroyed during the Mahdist period between 1881-1898.〔Joshua A. Fishman &c, Post-imperial English, De Gruyter, 1996, (p.340 )〕
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